![]() The full potential of crops is not realized if a shortage of nutrients occurs at any time during the growth cycle. It may have accumulated in place by the breakdown of hard rock, or it may have been placed there by the action of water, wind or ice.Ī fertile soil contains an adequate supply of all the nutrients required for plant growth. This is the material from which the mineral part of the soil forms. It is frequently higher in clay than either of the other horizons. Color is transitional between A and C as well. Living organisms are fewer in number than in the A Horizon, but more abundant than in the C Horizon. The B Horizon has properties of both A and C. Lies immediately beneath the A Horizon and above the C Horizon. When a soil is tilled improperly, the A Horizon may be eroded away. Organic matter is most plentiful, particularly in the mulch layer. Living organisms are most abundant in this horizon, consisting of plant roots, bacteria, fungi and small animals. It includes the mulch layer and plow layer. The uppermost layer in the soil profile or surface soil. Generally, the horizons merge with one another and may or may not show sharp boundaries.Thicknesses ranging from several feet thick to as thin as a fraction of an inch. ![]() Color, texture, structure, consistency, porosity and soil reaction.Important characteristics that differentiate the various horizons are: The soil profile comprises two or more soil layers called horizons, one below the other, each parallel to the surface of the land.
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